After the Yamnaya culture, the bronze age steppe was dominated by the Catacomb culture. Their fascinating burial tradition reveals a complex society of warriors and herders. Their kurgans or barrows covered the Pontic Steppe as did their cattle and ox-drawn wagons. They were bronze smiths, wagon builders, artists, and warriors. They may be the ancestors of the Mycenaeans of Ancient Greece and even influenced the later Indo-Iranian speakers of the steppes, like the Scythians, Cimmerians, and Saka. This is the story of the incredible Catacomb culture.

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*Sources*

The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: [ Ссылка ]
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: [ Ссылка ]
The Origin of the Indo-Iranians: [ Ссылка ]
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: [ Ссылка ]
Crimes in the Past: Archaeological and Anthropological Evidence: [ Ссылка ]
Economy and Social Organisation of Northern Pontic Steppe 2750-2000 BC. S.Z. Pustovalov, 2000
Relative and Absoloute Chronology of Yamnaya and Catacomb Monuments, Telegin, Pustovalov, Kovalyukh, 2003
Russian Fatyanovo Culture in Context, Nordqvist and Heyd, 2020
Chariots in the Eurasian Steppe, Stephan Lindner, 2020
Bronze Age Tattoos, Shishlina, Belkevich & Usachuk, 2011
The Catacomb Cultures Phenomenon, Vitaliy V. Otroshchenko, 2013
Fluted Maces in The System of Long-Distance Exchange Trails of The Bronze Age: 2350-800 BC, Klochko Et Al, 2002
Connections Between the Budzhak Culture And Central European Groups of the Corded Ware Culture, Svitlana Ivanova, 2013
Yamnaya, Catacomb, and Babyno culture cemeteries, Klochko et al, 2015
There's many more - I read 65 papers - so I will have to add them later or link to somewhere else with more space.

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*Video Chapters*

00:00 The Catacomb culture
04:18 The Yamnaya culture
07:40 Catacomb Origins
10:28 Catacomb Burial Custom
12:55 The First Wagons and Chariots
17:50 Catacomb Settlements
18:52 Population and Climate Change
20:50 Mycenaean Ancestors
22:52 Death Masks and Skull Binding
25:27 The Late Bronze Age Steppe
29:30 Indo-European Lineages and Branches
31:55 What Happened to the Catacomb Culture?

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