Arthur Schopenhauer was a German philosopher who is often called the “philosopher of pessimism”.
He was born on 22 February 1788 in Danzig (now Gdańsk), Poland. His parents, Johanna Schopenhauer (née Trosiener) and Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer were descendants of wealthy German families. They relocated to Hamburg after Prussia annexed Danzig in 1793.
Schopenhauer enrolled at the University of Gottingen in 1809. During studying, he focused on philosophy and especially the ideas of Plato and Immanuel Kant. In 1819, after four years of work (1814 - 1818), he published The World as Will and Representation (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung). A year after that, Schopenhauer became a lecturer at the University of Berlin. Because of the rivalry with Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and a small group of students who had attended his lectures, he soon left the academy.
Schopenhauer believed that the world is driven by a continually dissatisfied will which constantly seeks satisfaction. He considered that humans are motivated by their own basic desires and that their actions are directionless. According to him, the main problem is the desire which is the root of suffering and pain.
Arthur Schopenhauer had a great influence on others thinkers. His popularity peaked in the early twentieth century, during the Modernist era. Many great minds like Friedrich Nietzsche, Richard Wagner and Jorge Luis Borges have cited Schopenhauer as their major influence.
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