So schließen Sie eine Türklingel an / Elektrische Klingel
Eine elektrische Klingel ist eine mechanische oder elektronische Klingel , die mittels eines Elektromagneten funktioniert . Wenn elektrischer Strom angelegt wird, entsteht ein wiederholtes Summen, Klirren oder Klingeln. Elektromechanische Glocken werden seit dem späten 18. Jahrhundert häufig an Bahnübergängen , in Telefonen , Feuer- und Einbruchmeldern , als Schulglocken , Türklingeln und Alarmanlagen in Industrieanlagen verwendet, werden aber heute weitgehend durch elektronische Schallgeber ersetzt. Eine elektrische Klingel besteht aus einem oder mehreren Elektromagneten, die aus einer Spule aus isoliertem Draht um einen Eisenstab bestehen, die mit einer Klöppel eine Eisenbandarmatur anziehen .
Interrupter bells
How they work
How an interrupter-type electric bell works.
The most widely used form is the interrupter bell, which is a mechanical bell that produces a continuous sound when current is applied. See animation, above. The bell or gong (B), which is often in the shape of a cup or half-sphere, is struck by a spring-loaded arm (A) with a metal ball on the end called a clapper, actuated by an electromagnet (E). In its rest position the clapper is held away from the bell a short distance by its springy arm. When the switch (K) is closed, an electric current passes from the battery (U) through the winding of the electromagnet. It creates a magnetic field that attracts the iron arm of the clapper, pulling it over to give the bell a tap. This opens a pair of electrical contacts (T) attached to the clapper arm, interrupting the current to the electromagnet. The magnetic field of the electromagnet collapses, and the clapper springs away from the bell. This closes the contacts again, allowing the current to flow to the electromagnet again, so the magnet pulls the clapper over to strike the bell again. This cycle repeats rapidly, many times per second, resulting in a continuous ringing.
The tone of the sound generated depends on the shape and size of the bell or gong resonator. Where several bells are installed together, they may be given distinctive rings by using different size or shapes of gong, even though the strike mechanisms are identical.
Another type, the single-stroke bell, has no interrupting contacts. The hammer strikes the gong once each time the circuit is closed. These are used to signal brief notifications, such as a shop door opening for a customer, rather than continuous warnings.
Single-stroke bells
Single-stroke bell for railway signalling
The first commercial electric bells were used for railway signalling, between signal boxes. Complex bell codes were used to indicate the types of train passing between signal boxes, and the destinations to which they should be routed.
These were single-stroke bells: applying current to an electromagnet pulled the bell's clapper against the bell or gong and gave one chime. The bell did not ring continuously, but only with a single ring, until current was applied again. To sustain the tone, these bells were usually much larger than are used today with interrupter bells. Bells, gongs and spiral chimes could all be used, giving a distinct tone for each instrument.
A simple development of the single-stroke bell was the sprung bell. This had previously been used, mechanically actuated, for servant-call bells in large houses. Instead of working a clapper, the electromagnet shook the whole bell, which was mounted on a flexible spiral spring. The inertia of the heavy bell on the light spring would continue ringing for some seconds after the stroke. Although the sound would rapidly die away, the visible trembling of the bell could indicate which bell had been rung, amongst a panel of several.
