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Jacobson v. Massachusetts | 197 U.S. 11 (1905)
In Jacobson versus Massachusetts, the United States Supreme Court balanced state police power against individual liberty in the context of a vaccine mandate.
Massachusetts state law provided that the board of health of a city or town could require its inhabitants to be vaccinated if it deemed this step necessary for public health. Any adult who refused to comply could be fined.
In 1902, the Board of Health of Cambridge, Massachusetts, passed a regulation ordering all residents to be vaccinated against smallpox. Mr. Jacobson, a Cambridge resident, refused.
At trial, Jacobson argued that the vaccination statute was unconstitutional. He claimed that it violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s provision that no state could make a law abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. The jury found Jacobson guilty of violating the regulation, and the court sentenced him to pay a fine of five dollars. The Massachusetts Supreme Court affirmed. The United States Supreme Court granted cert.
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