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Aortic stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the inability of the aortic valve to completely open during systole, impeding blood from flowing from the left ventricle to the aorta during systole. This generates in a harsh mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur that is best heard with the diaphragm of the stethoscope in the right 2nd intercostal space (i.e., the aortic area). The murmur characteristically radiates to the carotid arteries. Palpate the carotid pulse while auscultating the heart to relate the auscultatory findings to the cardiac cycle.

The heart sounds and murmurs have been amplified for demonstration purposes.

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