Time-frequency analysis is a way to analyze signals from electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). But how does it work?
In a time-frequency analysis a brain waves are analyzed. The brain signals we pick up with EEG reflect group level activity of neurons below the sensor. This activity is often oscillatory. These brain oscillations have different functions depending on their frequency. As such, we would like to see how brain oscillation frequency changes over time and how it changes when we are doing a task. In that case we look at event-related oscillations (ERO)
With time-frequency analysis we can look at evoked activity, which is when a phase reset of the oscillation occurs. In this case event-related oscillation is often similar to the event-related potential (ERP), which is the EEG signal in the time (temporal) domain. Indeed, EROs are expressed in the frequency domain.
We can also look at induced activity, where a change in brain oscillation power is not associated with a phase reset. ERPs will often look flat, because the signals cancel each other out. However, time frequency analysis will still show a clear response.
References:
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Herrmann, C. S., Rach, S., Vosskuhl, J., & Strüber, D. (2014). Time-frequency analysis of event-related potentials: a brief tutorial. Brain topography, 27(4), 438–450. [ Ссылка ]
Magazzini, L., & Singh, K. D. (2018). Spatial attention modulates visual gamma oscillations across the human ventral stream. NeuroImage, 166, 219–229. [ Ссылка ]
Rosenblum, Y., Shiner, T., Bregman, N., Fahoum, F., Giladi, N., Maidan, I., & Mirelman, A. (2022). Event-related oscillations differentiate between cognitive, motor and visual impairments. Journal of neurology, 269(7), 3529–3540. [ Ссылка ]
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Narrated by: Miles Wischnewski
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