Introduction To TCP/IP
Just like human beings we communicate with each other, it’s important for computers to have a common way to communicate with each other. Computers can perform any communication in a network only when they agree to a set of rules applicable to every computer. The set of rules that governs the whole communication in a network are called protocols. So, the standardized rules that allow any computer in a network to communicate with each other are called Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP can help in developing communication between two computer systems, which make it possible for you to browse any websites, send emails, and start online streaming.
History Leading to TCP/IP
Today, the world of computer networking uses one networking model: TCP/IP. However, the world has not always been so simple. Once upon a time, networking protocols didn’t exist, including TCP/IP. Vendors created the first networking protocols; these protocols supported only that vendor’s computers. For example, IBM, the computer company with the largest market share in many markets back in the 1970s and 1980s, published its Systems Network Architecture (SNA) networking model in 1974. Other vendors also created their own proprietary networking models. As a result, if your company bought computers from three vendors, network engineers often had to create three different networks based on the networking models created by each company, and then somehow connect those networks, making the combined networks much more complex. Although vendor-defined proprietary networking models often worked well, having an open, vendor-neutral networking model would aid competition and reduce complexity. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) took on the task to create such a model, starting as early as the late 1970s, beginning work on what would become known as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking model. ISO had a noble goal for the OSI model: to standardize data networking protocols to allow communication among all computers across the entire planet. ISO worked toward this ambitious and noble goal, with participants from most of the technologically developed nations on Earth participating in the process.
During the 1990s, companies began adding OSI, TCP/IP, or both to their enterprise networks. However, by the end of the 1990s, TCP/IP had become the common choice, and OSI fell away. Proprietary networking models still exist, but they have mostly been discarded in favor of TCP/IP. The OSI model, whose development suffered in part because of a slower formal standardization process as compared with TCP/IP, never succeeded in the marketplace. And TCP/IP, the networking model originally created almost entirely by a bunch of volunteers, has become the most prolific network model ever.
How TCP/IP works?
TCP/IP is a communication protocol that establishes a connection with another computer and ensures that the packets are sent and received successfully. Every message or data that is sent in a network breaks into multiple packets. Each packet is traversing with a different path, but all the packet will reach the same destination. When all the packets are collected in the receiver end, they are assembled to form meaningful information.
Difference between TCP and IP
IP termed as Internet Protocol. Its work is to establish a connection by identifying another computer of the other end and then deliver the packets to the target destination. Internet protocol identifies another computer through an address system known as an IP address. An IP address is a prime way to identify any computer in the network.
But, Internet Protocol does only one part of the job. Another part of the job is done through Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The Transmission Control Protocol handles the ordering and delivery of the packets and manages the error correction during communication.
Both TCP and IP assist each other during the transmission of data from source to destination. That’s why it is known as TCP/IP, and the whole process is based on a model known as the TCP/IP model.
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