A very gentle introduction to the second higher homotopy group of the 2-sphere, plus some digital topology.
The paper is: "A Second Homotopy Group for Digital Images" by Gregory Lupton, Oleg Musin, Nicholas A. Scoville, P. Christopher Staecker, Jonathan Treviño-Marroquín, at arxiv here: [ Ссылка ]
Talk given at the Fairfield University math department research seminar, Nov 17, 2023.
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