Many civil engineering structures are affected by wind aerodynamics. In some cases, the fluid-structure interactions may lead to failures. These can be investigated in laboratory wind tunnels. Let us consider the flow past an idealised building, i.e. a square cylinder. Then let us investigate the vortex shedding in the wake of and forces acting on the square cylinder.
An experimental study was conducted on the flow past a square cylinder at the University of Queensland, School of Civil Engineering. The wind tunnel test section was 0.7×0.7 m2, and the cylinder had a 0.045×0.045 m3 square cross-section. The cylinder was equipped with end plates. The upstream wind speed was 15 m/s with low turbulence inflow (Tu less than 0.5%). Both the pressure distributions around the cylinder and the turbulent velocities in the wake of the cylinder were recorded for several angles of incidences between 0 and 45°.
The flow past a cylinder is one of the most complicated flow situations considering the simplicity of the geometry. It remains a fascinating flow pattern, with many practical applications. A basic understanding of the fluid dynamics processes is critical in many real-word applications including airplanes and engineering infrastructures. These discussed in a number of relevant Youtube video movies in the same Playlist at:
{[ Ссылка ]}

Fluid mechanics and hydraulics in Hubert Chanson Youtube channel {[ Ссылка ]}
Applied hydrodynamics [Playlist]
Advanced hydraulics of open channel flows [Playlist]

Streamlines {[ Ссылка ]}
Reynolds number {[ Ссылка ]}
Boundary layer (1) Presentation {[ Ссылка ]}
Boundary layer (2) von Karman momentum integral equation {[ Ссылка ]}
Von Karman street of vortices (1) Presentation {[ Ссылка ]}

Acknowledgements
Prof. Colin J. APELT
Jason VAN DER GEVEL
Stewart MATTHEWS
CIVL4160 students
Dr Hang WANG

References
SCHLICHTING, H. (1979). "Boundary Layer Theory." McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 7th edition.
NORBERG, C. (1993). "Flow around rectangular cylinders: pressure forces and wake frequencies." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 49, pp. 187-196.
YEN, S.C., and YANG, C.W. (2011). " Flow patterns and vortex shedding behavior behind a square cylinder." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 99, pp. 868-878.
CHANSON, H. (2014). "Applied Hydrodynamics: An Introduction." CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Leiden, The Netherlands, 448 pages & 21 video movies (ISBN 978-1-138-00093-3).

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