These are simulations of what people with visual prostheses might perceive with a very high resolution implant.

The first panel shows the ideal 'scoreboard model' – what we’re trying to achieve.

The middle panel shows a simulation of the effects of electrical stimulation. We assume that electrical stimulation will simultaneously cause responses in both ON- and OFF pathways - that's what causes the weird edge effects, and will also result in some stimulation of ganglion cell axons - that's what causes the 'streaks'.

The right panels shows a simulation of optogenetics and small molecule photoswitch stimulation. This movie is based on assuming that only ON-centre retinal pathways are selectively stimulated - that causes the edge effects, and the timing of responses is sluggish compared to natural vision - that's what causes the child on the scooter to 'disappear'.

See our press release for more information.
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