India is constructing a submarine base in the Bay of Bengal that will provide a sanctuary for its sea-based nuclear deterrent against Pakistan and China upon completion.

Project Varsha, a 1,680-acre naval base, is rapidly taking shape on the Eastern Coast at Rambilli. Satellite images indicate the project is on track for completion within its designated timeframe. The base will house over 12 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) and features extensive underground facilities, including tunnels for submarine pens.

The strategic location of Project Varsha positions the Indian Navy closer to critical shipping lanes in the Indo-Pacific, allowing for a swift response to regional threats and collaboration with the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC).

Project Varsha enhances India’s naval deterrence, allowing the deployment of nuclear-armed submarines from a secure base. Currently, India has one active SSBN, the INS Arihant, with plans to commission the second, INS Arighat, by the end of this year. The third SSBN, S4, is under construction and may carry twice the SLBMs of its predecessors.

However, experts note that India needs SLBMs with intercontinental range to enhance credibility against Pakistan and China. India is developing the K-5 SLBM with a range of 5,000 kilometers, though the project is highly classified.

India faces a dual nuclear threat from Pakistan and China, with the latter forming a "threshold alliance" with Pakistan, indicating a closer defense cooperation.

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