#SCIENCE PPT WORLD#EDUCATION
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(IN-SITU AND EX-SITU)
INTRODUTION
• Conservation is the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of wildlife and natural resources such as forests and water.
• Through the conservation of biodiversity and the survival of many species and habitats which are threatened due to human activities can be ensured.
• There is an urgent need, not only to manage and conserve the biotic wealth, but also restore the degraded ecosystems.
• Types of Conservation: Conservation can broadly be divided into two types:
• 1. In-situ conservation
• 2. Ex-situ conservation
• ADVERTISEMENTS:
• 1. National parks
• 2. Wildlife sanctuaries
• 3. Biosphere reserves
• INDIA has over 870 protected areas,
• which includes over 104 national parks,
• over 551 animal sanctuaries and 88 biosphere reserves.
• A national park is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment of the wildlife and where activities like forestry, grazing on cultivation are not permitted. In these parks, even private ownership rights are not allowed.
• A sanctuary is a protected area which is reserved for the conservation of only animals and human activities like harvesting of timber, collecting minor forest products and private ownership rights are allowed as long as they do not interfere with well-being of animals. Boundaries of sanctuaries are not well defined and controlled biotic interference is permitted, e.g., tourist activity.
• It is a special category of protected areas where human population also forms a part of the system. They are large protected area of usually more than 5000 sq.km.
• 3. Scientific Research:
• To provide support for research related to monitoring and education, local, national and global issues. 1. The flora and fauna live in natural habitats without human interference.
• 2. The life cycles of the organisms and their evolution progresses in a natural way.
• 3. In-situ conservation provides the required green cover and its associated benefits to our environment.
• 4. It is less expensive and easy to manage.
• 5. The interests of the indigenouEx-situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats.
• This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities.
• Such strategies include establishment of botanical gardens, zoos, conservation strands and gene, pollen seed, seedling, tissue culture and DNA banks.
• s people are also protected.
• i. Seed gene bank:
• These are cold storages where seeds are kept under controlled temperature and humidity for storage and this is easiest way to store the germ plasma of plants at low temperature. Seeds preserved under controlled conditions (minus temperature) remain viable for long durations of time.
• ii. Gene bank:
• Genetic variability also is preserved by gene bank under normal growing conditions. These are cold storages where germ plam are kept under controlled temperature and humidity for storage; this is an important way of preserving the genetic resources.
• iii. Cryopreservation:
• This is the newest application of technology for preservation of biotic parts. This type of conservation is done at very low temperature (196°C) in liquid nitrogen. The metabolic activities of the organisms are suspended under low temperature, which are later used for research purposes.
• iv. Tissue culture bank:
• Cryopreservation of disease free meristems is very helpful. Long term culture of excised roots and shoots are maintained. Meristem culture is very popular in plant propagation as it’s a virus and disease free method of multiplication.
• v. Long term captive breeding:
• The method involves capture, maintenance and captive breeding on long term basis of individuals of the endangered species which have lost their habitat permanently or certain highly unfavourable conditions are present in their habitat.
• vi. Botanical gardens:
• A botanical garden is a place where flowers, fruits and vegetables are grown. The botanical gardens provide beauty and calm environment. Most of them have started keeping exotic plants for educational and research purposes.
• vii. Animal Translocation:
• Release of animals in a new locality which come from 1. It is useful for declining population of species.
• 2. Endangered animals on the verge of extinction are successfully breeded.
• 3. Threatened species are breeded in captivity and then released in the natural habitats.
• 4. Ex-situ centres offer the possibilities of observing wild animals, which is otherwise not possible.
• 5. It is extremely useful for conducting research and scientific work on different species.
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