Cetirizine is a second-generation anti histamine medication that is primarily used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. It is also available as a prescription only ophthalmic solution to treat allergic conjunctivitis.
Cetirizine is a fast acting, highly selective antagonist of the peripheral H1 receptors, which are mainly located in the respiratory smooth muscle cells; Vascular endothelial cells; Immune cells; And cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike first generation anti histamines such as diphenhydramine and doxylamine, cetirizine does not cross the blood brain barrier to a larger extent, avoiding the neurons of central nervous system. As a result, cetirizine produces minimal sedation compared to the first-generation anti histamines.
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