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Dipole (or two poles) as the name suggest, the molecules should have two poles.
This is possible in hetero-nuclear diatomic molecules like HCL, where H is highly electropositive and Cl is electronegative so as whole the molecule is having two poles, One positive Hydrogen, and one negative Chlorine. This is called a permanent dipole moment.
On the other hand, a homo-nuclear diatomic molecule like Cl2 is not having any poles.
On the other hand, if two poles are made with the help of external force, It will be called an induced dipole moment. Like in case of CO2 molecule. The CO2 molecule is having two electronegative Oxygen atoms and one Carbon atom, But due to its liner structure there is no dipole moment, (absence of two poles)

But when CO2 molecule starts unsymmetrical stretching vibration. Carbon atom shifts towards one of the Oxygen atom. And the symmetry gets disturbed. At this position, the molecule as a whole become dipole with generating two poles.

Polarisability is the ability of a molecule to acquire a dipole moment when it is placed in an external electric field. e.g.. In case of H2O, molecule electrons are strongly attracted towards the oxygen atom and if it is kept in an external electric field the movement of the electron will be very less in any direction due to the strong interaction between electron and Oxygen nucleus. Thus H2O molecule is having very low polarizability.

On the other hand in case of CO2 the distribution of electron cloud is uniform because of 2 oxygen atoms but when it is placed in external electric field the uniform electron cloud gets shifted toward one of the oxygen atoms, Here because of the equal pull form both the oxygen atom, electrons are more free to move towards one of the oxygen atoms.

Thus the polarizability of the CO2 molecule is very high.

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