Cechia (Latince variant), Čechija - Чэхія (Belarusça), Cehia ya da Republica Cehă (Rumence), Čehija (Latvian), Çekia (Arnavutça), Čekija (Litvanyaca), Çekiye ya da Çek Cumhuriyeti (Türkçe), Češka (Sırpça, Slovence), Česko (Çekçe, Slovakça), Chekhiya - Чехия (Bulgarca, Rusça), Chekhiya - Чехія (Ukrayna dili), Chequia ya da República Checa (İspanyolca), Chéquia ya da República Checa (Portekizce), Csehország (Macarca), Czech Republic (İngilizce), Czechia (variant in English)*, Çeky (Polonyaca), Poblachd nan Sèic (İskoç), Poblacht na Seice (İrlandaca), Repubblica Ceca (İtalyanca), Repubblika Ċeka (Maltaca), Republik Ceko (Bahasa Indonesia), Republik Tchek (Bretonca), République tchèque ya da Tchéquie (Fransızca), Tékkland (İzlandaca), Tjeckien (İsveççe), Tjekkiet (Danimarkaca), Tschechien (Almanca), Tšehhi (Estonyaca), Tsekhía - Τσεχία (Yunanca), Tšekki ya da Tšekin tasavalta (Fince), Tsjechië (Hollandaca), Tsjechje (Frisian), Tsjeggië (Afrikaans), Tsjekkia (Norveççe), Txekia (Baskça), Txèquia (Katalanca), y Weriniaeth Tsiec (Galler dili), Tzekia, チェコ-Cheko (Japonca) (Latince)
* The name Czechia is used in official Czech texts in English, but is not otherwise in common use.
Prague (/ˈprɑːɡ/; Czech: Praha pronounced [ˈpraɦa] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is the fourteenth-largest city in the European Union.[5] It is also the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava River, the city is home to about 1.24 million people, while its larger urban zone is estimated to have a population of nearly 2 million.[6] The city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague has been a political, cultural, and economic centre of central Europe with waxing and waning fortunes during its 1,100-year existence. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic and Renaissance eras, Prague was not only the capital of the Czech state, but also the seat of two Holy Roman Emperors and thus also the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.[7][8] It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire and after World War I became the capital of Czechoslovakia. The city played major roles in the Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War, and in 20th-century history, during both World Wars and the post-war Communist era.
The city boasts more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas, and other historical exhibits. A modern public transportation system connects the city. Also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University (Univerzita Karlova v Praze[9]). Prague is classified as an "Alpha-" global city according to GaWC studies, comparable to Vienna, Seoul and Washington, D.C. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination, and the city receives more than 4.4 million international visitors annually, as of 2011.[10] Prague ranked fifth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2014.[11] Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome.[12]
Early history[edit]
The Prague astronomical clock was first installed in 1410, making it the third-oldest astronomical clock in the world and the oldest one still working
A view of one of the bridge towers of the Charles Bridge
The area on which Prague was founded was settled as early as the Paleolithic age. According to the Jewish historian and chronicler David Solomon Ganz (1541–1613), author of a book published in Hebrew, entitled Tzemach Dovid,[13] the city was founded by an ancient king, Boyya (Boiia), in c. 1306 BC.[citation needed] He gave his name to the city that lay around the place where Prague now stands, calling it Bayonheim.[citation needed] The historical territory of Bohemia (Latin: Boihaemum), located within the western portion of the Czech Republic, and the neighboring Bavaria (Bayern) also took their names from this ancient king, Boyya (Boiia).
Around 200 BC the Celts (Boii) established an oppidum (settlement) in the south, now called Závist. By the end of the 1st century BC, the population in Bohemia was composed mostly of the Germanic tribes (Marcomanni, Quadi, Lombards and possibly the Suebi). During the reign of Augustus Caesar (27 BC - 14 AD), the city's name was Maroboden, after a ruler at that time whose name was Maroboduus (a man belonging to one of the Germanic tribes). Around the area where modern-day Prague stands, the map of Ptolemaios (2nd century) mentioned a Germanic city called Casurgis.
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