ഭൂമിയും ജാതി വ്യവസ്ഥയും | Dr K S Madhavan .The understanding of castes as a system of deploying people at various social and cultural fields due to specific form of material and cultural relations that developed over a long period of time in Indian subcondinent is a matter of debate in Indian social science practices. The present lecture focuses on the historical process of formation of caste society in kerala in relation to the development of various life activities and resource genaration process. Development of various social groups in ghatt region, midland and coastal plains made possible the various life activities and subsistance forms and multiple economies. The development of hill chiefs in the hilly areas and their booty capturing plunder raids dispossessed and displaced certain clan groups of their ur settlements and they forced to migrate down to the riverine and riparian areas in the midland and became the early settler cultivators in the midland. The later migrants made controll over the early settlers and a permanant labouring groups were developed out of the early setlers. Those who became labouring groups were made as protectors of fields and primary producers. This process was consolidated at a time when the natu was developed as agrarian territory and nattutayavars as rulers of natus. Production of material resources and subjugation of producing cammunities were structured under the dominance of nattutayavars and the brahmans. The nattutayavars could develop their territorial controll over the natu territories with the functionaries and the martial groups and, the brahmans were able to get the landed wealth as donations and were made settled with the physical support of the nattutayavars. Nattutayavars were in need of the sanskritic and ritual culture of the brahmans to legitimise the political power that was violantely operated on the producung cammunities. It was this reciprocal power relations between the nattutayavars and the brahmans that made the producing cammunities subjugated social groups under brahmanical controll and political domination of nattutayavars. The emergence of temples within the brahman urs with the patronage of nattutayavars and the non-brahman landed gentry that paved the way for a hierarhical social relation based on controll of landed wealth and the subjugation of producing cammunities. The complex social relation of power and political consolidation developed a dynastic power called Chera Perumals over the various natus in line with the brahmanic culture and to protect the ritual and leisure existsnce of temples and brahmans. This dynastic power aimed at to legally protect the landed wealth under brahman temples and the brahman urs. This process completly subjugated producing cammunities variously categorised as atiyar/ al (ആൾ /അടിയാർ ) and kutis (കുടികൾ ). The social relation was manifested as hierarchical caste relations comprised of brahman and brahmanical upper castes at the top of the hierarchy and primary producers called al and atiyars at the botton. The various kutis of different occupational and service groups bagan to be deployed above the al,atiyar. (ആൾ, അടിയാർ). Caste hierarchy and controll of the land wealth by the brahmans and brahmanical upper cates determined the nature of property relations and social relations in which the primary producers did not have rights to settle and cultivation but their condition of existance was servile labouring bodies attached to the lands as objects of untouch. Caste slavary was the social world in which ആൾ അടിയാർ rendered their labour and knowledge for the sustanance of the entire society.Organized by Bhoo adhikara samrakshana samithi on 03.12.2017 at Shikshak Bhavan ,Ernakulam

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