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Director: Étienne-Jules Marey
Producer: City of Paris
Country: France
Notes: "Marey invented in 1882 a chronophotographic fixed plate camera, equipped with a timed shutter. Using this, he succeeded in combining on a single plate several successive images of a single movement. In 1888 Marey improved his invention by replacing the glass plate with a long strip of sensitized paper. The first 'film' on paper, taken at 20 images a second, was shown (but not projected) at the Academy des Sciences on 29 October 1888. Two years later, Marey replaced the paper strip with a transparent celluloid film 90 mm wide, 1.20 metres or more long. A pressure-plate immoblised the film and a spring restarted it when the pressure was released. All the cameras which followed were based on the principle first applied by Marey: the intermittent movement of a sensitive film behind an objective lens, the film's static moments corresponding with the opening of the shutter. Between 1890 and 1900, Marey (assisted by Demenÿ up to 1894, then by Lucien Bull and Pierre Nogues) made a considerable number of motion analysis filmstrips of high technical and aesthetic quality- the Cinématheque Francaise alone possesses 400 original negatives - including the very beautiful self-portraits of Marey and Demenÿ, the recording of the movement of a hand, and the famous falling cat filmed in 1894. That year, Marey obtained the resignation of Demenÿ, who wished to exploit commercially his master's methods. Also in 1894 Marey published an important work, Le Mouvement, which covered all his researches. He exercised a considerable influence on all the pioneering inventors of the cinema in the 1890s. His works, widely reported in the international press, were a strong inspiration for Thomas Edison and Louis Lumière, among others. Marey, the real founding father of cinematographic technique, died in 1904. His researches were followed up by Bull and Nogues at the Institut Marey, where they made microscopic, X-Ray and high-speed analysis films." - Laurent Mannoni [ Ссылка ]
The name of the film exhibited in 1888 is unknown to me but this film, La Vague, was shown at the Revue Générale des sciences, 15 November, 1891.
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