#melasma #melasmatreatment #darkspottreatment #darkspotremoval #darkspotcream

Melasma is a common skin condition where dark spots re seen on cheeks, nose and chin.
It appears to be more common in Indian population. The prevalence of melasma ranges from 4 to 25%. It affects 0.25-4% of cases seen in dermatology institutes. The age of peak incidence is reported as between 30 and 44 years

How does it look?
It appears as light to dark brown spots on both cheeks and nose. It can also appear on upper lips on forehead mainly just above the eyebrows.The face is most commonly affected though rarely pigmentation may extend on to V of the neck or may be confined to the forearms. Sometimes it may appear as tiny speckles on the cheeks. In the initial stages, it may be difficult to diagnose as it may appear as a faint spot. Over time it tends to get darker and involve larger areas. It is usually slowly progressive. Appears to be more prominent after sun exposure.It is more common in women but seen in men as well.



What is the cause of melasma?
The exact cause is not known. It still remains a mystery but there are several well known risk factors such as genetic background, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, female sex hormones, pregnancy, hormonal activity and intake oral contraceptives.

The most important factor tends to be sun exposure. Exacerbations of melasma are inevitably seen after a period of sun exposure and, conversely, melasma gradually fades during periods of sun avoidance.

Genetic: 48% incidence of melasma in a family member.

Less common risk factors include thyroid dysfunction, antiepileptic medications, and cosmetic products, emotional stress. The presence of Zinc deficiency has been probed into in some studies.

Melasma is several times commoner in patients with thyroid disease than in controls and MSH may be important as melasma frequently begins as well as worsens during pregnancy as also after profound emotional stress.

Melasma is known to occur with hormonal changes, it is seen in pregnancy and also in some women who are on oral contraceptive pills.

Melasma may be caused by the presence of more biologically active melanocytes (the pigment forming cells) in the affected skin, rather than an increase in their number. So, the number off cells are same as in normal skin but they appear to be more active. Also these cells may be more sensitive to hormonal changes than normal cells.



May be seen in men as well. Can be seen in men as well. More genetic association than in women.

Indian men who use vegetable oils, most notably mustard oil on the face after bathing, described the onset of melasma with concurrent expo- sure to sunlight
Treatment:
Treatment of melasma can be challenging and requires a long-term treatment plan.



General management recommendations that assist in the clearing of melasma include discontinuation of birth control pills, fragranced cosmetic products. Discuss with your dermatologist all the medications you are taking and if any one of them could be worsening

For women who note the onset of melasma after beginning a course of an oral contraceptive, the medication should be stopped if possible.
Take home message:

Treatment take a long time. Life style modfication required. Recurrence is common. So be persistent with treatment. Sunscreen and strict sun protection is a must. Visit a dermatologist. Hydroquinone based creams can be given for 1- 2 months and then maintenance with non- hydroquinone cream. Maintenance may be required for years. Tends to improve after menopause. We prefer to give longer treatment periods, with lower concentrations of those treatment agents that can induce PIH or irritation, followed by longer maintenance periods to prevent recurrence of pigmentation and melasma.


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Disclaimer: Content provided on this Youtube channel is for informational purposes only. This video is not intended to provide diagnosis, treatment or medical advice. Information on this Youtube channel should not be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. Please consult with a physician or other healthcare professional regarding any medical or health related diagnosis or treatment options.
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Disclaimer: Content provided on this Youtube channel is for informational purposes only. This video is not intended to provide diagnosis, treatment or medical advice. Information on this Youtube channel should not be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. Please consult with a physician or other healthcare professional regarding any medical or health related diagnosis or treatment options.

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