The Malay dynasty known as the Sultanate of Malacca, which controlled the region from 1403 to 1511, is still referenced in institutions and phrase as having given Malay history its golden age. Paramesvara (d. 1424, Malacca), a Sumatran prince who fled his native Palembang due to a Javanese attack, established himself in Tumasik (current-day Singapore) for a short time before settling in Malacca in the latter half of the 14th or the beginning of the 15th century. With its excellent natural harbor, Malacca controlled the primary sea route that still bears its name between China and India.
In 1414, Paramesvara converted to Islam and adopted the name Sultan Iskandar Shah. He quickly established tributary ties with Ming China and substantially benefited from that kingdom's rekindled interest in commerce with the West. By the 1430s, Chinese trade missions, Indian, Arab, and Persian merchants, as well as local traders, had all turned to the city as the premier commercial hub in Southeast Asia.


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