Three scientists won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics on Tuesday for advancing our understanding of the interstellar phenomenon known as black holes.

Britain’s Roger Penrose, professor at the University of Oxford, won half the prize for his work using mathematics to prove that black holes are a direct consequence of the general theory of relativity.

German scientist Reinhard Genzel of the Max Planck Institute and University of California, Berkeley, and American astronomer Andrea Ghez of the University of California, Los Angeles, shared the other half of the prize for discovering that an invisible and extremely heavy object governs the orbits of stars at the centre of our galaxy.

Ghez is only the fourth woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, after Marie Curie in 1903, Maria Goeppert-Mayer in 1963 and Donna Strickland in 2018.

The award comes with a gold medal and more than $1.1 million.

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