In the first part of the video I presented the Geography of Siberia, which is characterised by a great deal of variety in climate, vegetation, and landscape, and how human habitation was influenced by this aspect. The second part is about the finds from the Lower and Upper Palaeolithic, to the cultures of the bronze and iron age. I described the most important of these cultures: Andronovo culture in Western Siberia, Xiongnu in Southern Siberia, Irmen culture in Ob river valley.

In the damper steppes to the north, the sedentary pastoralist culture of the late Bronze Age developed under the influence of the material culture of the nomads. In the Central Asian steppes, Turkic groups become detectable sometime in the 5th century. While the tribes around Lake Baikal were Mongol-speaking, those to the west spoke Turkic, Samoyedic, or Yeniseian languages. By 1206, Genghis Khan had conquered all Mongol and Turkic tribes in Mongolia and southern Siberia. Western Siberia came under the Golden Horde. The descendants of Orda Khan, the eldest son of Jochi, directly ruled the area. The next clear break in the history of Siberia is the Russian expansion into the east which began in the late 15th century and only concluded in the 19th century. This process marks the beginning of modernity in Siberia.

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Voice & editing: Nicolae Bondar (myself)

Music: Pachabelly, by Huma-Huma, downloaded from YouTube Audio Library

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