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#Surabaya (older spelling: Soerabaja) is the capital of the Indonesian province of #EastJava and the second-largest city in the country, after Jakarta. The city has a population of over three million within its city limits and over ten million in the Surabaya metropolitan area, making it the second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. Located on northeastern border of Java island, on the #Madura Strait, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia. According to the National Development Planning Agency, Surabaya is one of the four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Medan, and Makassar.

The city was settled in 10th century by the Kingdom of #Janggala, one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed in 1045 when #Airlangga abdicated his throne in favor of his two sons. In the late 15th and 16th centuries, Surabaya grew to be a duchy, a major political and military power as well as a port in eastern Java, probably under #Majapahit empire. At that time, Surabaya was already a major trading port, owing to its location on the River Brantas delta and the trade route between Malacca and the Spice Islands via the Java Sea. During the decline of Majapahit, the lord of Surabaya resisted the rise of the #Demak Sultanate and only submitted to its rule in 1530. Surabaya became independent after the death of Sultan #Trenggana of Demak in 1546.

From the 18th century until the mid-20th century, Surabaya was the largest city in the #DutchEastIndies, and the center of trading in the Indonesian archipelago, which was then a competitor to Shanghai and Hong Kong. The city is known as #KotaPahlawan (the city of heroes) due to the importance of the Battle of Surabaya during the Indonesian National Revolution. The city is one of the important financial, commercial, industrial, transportation, and entertainment hub of the archipelago, arguably second only to Jakarta, and the Port of #TanjungPerak is Indonesia's second-busiest seaport located on northern Surabaya. The city is also known for being one of the cleanest and greenest in Indonesia.

Surabaya from the #Javanese "sura ing baya", means "bravely facing danger"; originally from the union of Sanskrit words the "surya" or sun and the "bhaya" or fear. Surabaya alludes to a prophecy of #Jayabaya [meaning "conquering the fear", from the Sanskrit words "Jaya" or "Vijaya" (victory or conquerer) and "bhaya" (fear)], a 12th-century psychic king of #Kediri Kingdom, foreseeing a fight between a giant white shark and a giant white crocodile taking place in the area. The event is sometimes interpreted as foretelling the Mongol invasion of Java, a major conflict between the forces of Kublai Khan, Mongol ruler of China, and those of Raden Wijaya's Majapahit on 31 May 1293, which is now considered the date of the city's founding. The two animals are now used as the city's symbol, with the two facing and circling each other, as depicted in a statue appropriately located near the entrance to the city zoo.

Some people consider #Jayabaya's prophecy as being about the great war between native #Surabayan people and foreign invaders at the start of the war of independence in 1945. Another story tells of two heroes who fought each other to be the king of the city. The two heroes were named Sura and Baya. These folk etymologies, though embraced enthusiastically by its people and city leaders, are unverifiable

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#KotaSurabaya adalah ibu kota Provinsi #JawaTimur, Indonesia, sekaligus kota metropolitan terbesar di provinsi tersebut. Surabaya juga merupakan kota terbesar kedua di Indonesia setelah Jakarta. Kota ini terletak 800 km sebelah timur Jakarta, atau 435 km sebelah barat laut Denpasar, Bali. Surabaya terletak di pantai utara Pulau Jawa bagian timur dan berhadapan dengan Selat Madura serta Laut Jawa.

Surabaya memiliki luas sekitar ±326,81 km², dan 3.158.943 jiwa penduduk pada tahun 2019.Daerah metropolitan Surabaya yaitu #Gerbangkertosusila yang berpenduduk sekitar 10 juta jiwa, adalah kawasan metropolitan terbesar kedua di Indonesia setelah Jabodetabek. Surabaya dan wilayah Gerbangkertosusila dilayani oleh sebuah bandar udara, yakni Bandar Udara Internasional Juanda yang berada 20 km di sebelah selatan kota, serta dua pelabuhan, yakni Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak dan Pelabuhan Ujung.

Surabaya terkenal dengan sebutan Kota Pahlawan karena sejarahnya yang sangat diperhitungkan dalam perjuangan Arek- #ArekSuroboyo (Pemuda-pemuda Surabaya) dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan bangsa Indonesia dari serangan penjajah. Surabaya juga sempat menjadi kota terbesar di Hindia Belanda dan menjadi pusat niaga di Nusantara yang sejajar dengan Hong Kong dan Shanghai pada masanya. Menurut Bappenas, Surabaya adalah salah satu dari empat pusat pertumbuhan utama di Indonesia, bersama dengan Medan, Jakarta, dan Makassar.

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