INS Vagir inducted into Indian Navy

In November 2021, the 4th submarine of Kalvari class called INS Vela was commissioned into Indian Navy. The submarine was deployed in across the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which included extensive patrolling in the Bay of Bengal. It returned to its home port at Mumbai on 15th October 2022, after a record eight-and-a-half month long cross-coast deployment. The sustained deployment was in view of the increasing Chinese naval presence in the IOR.

On 23rd January 2023, the 5th and 2nd last submarine of Kavari class called INS Vagir has been commissioned into Indian Navy. The Navy now operates, 16 diesel attack conventional Submarines which includes: 5 Kalvari or scorpene class, 7 Sindhughosh or Kilo class and 4 Shishumar or Type 209 class of submarines.

The last submarine of Kalvari class called Vagsheer is in last stage of construction and is planned to be inducted by 2024.

Kalvari Class Submarine

Under the project 75, India has built 6 conventional diesel attack submarines based on the French Scropene class design. Diesel-Electric boat running on battery power and electric motors are the quietest submarines and most difficult to detect. Their smaller size further makes their detection challenging and near impossible without risking of being detected and attacked by them.

Six Scorpene submarines are being built under Project-75 by MDL under technology transfer from Naval Group of France under a $3.75 billion deal signed in October 2005.

These are the most advance and newest submarines in the fleet of Indian navy. The state-of-art technology utilised in the Scorpene has ensured superior stealth features (such as advanced acoustic absorption techniques, low radiated noise levels, hydro-dynamically optimised shape etc.) and the ability to launch a crippling attack on the enemy using precision guided weapons.

It can perform variety of roles such as anti-ship & anti-submarine, laying mines, intelligence gathering and surveillance.

Submarine Performance

The Kalvari class submarines has a displacement of 1,615 t when surfaced and 1,775 t when submerged. It can reach a top speed of 20 kn (37 km/h) when submerged and a maximum speed of 11 kn (20 km/h) when surfaced. The submarine has a range of 6,500 nmi (12,000 km) at 8 kn (15 km/h) when surfaced. The hull, fin and hydroplanes are designed for minimum underwater resistance and all equipment inside the pressure hull is mounted on shock absorbing cradles for enhanced stealth. They also have an advanced Permanent Magnetic Synchronous motor (PERMASYN) as its propulsion motor.

Weapon System

The submarine is equipped with six 533-mm torpedo tubes for a combination of 18 heavyweight wire-guided German-made Surface and Underwater Target (SUT) torpedoes and SM39 Exocet anti-ship missiles by MBDA or 30 mines in place of both. The Exocet missile has a range of 50 km, which enables the submarine to go into action while remaining out of enemy detection and weapon range. It features all weather capability, sea skimming flight, solid propellant and a high kill warhead.

Self-defence & other sensors

The class is also fitted with mobile C303/S anti-torpedo decoys for self-defence.

The weapon systems and sensors are integrated with Submarine Tactical Integrated Combat System (SUBTICS). It has a sonar system is capable of Low Frequency Analysis and Ranging (LOFAR) enabling long range detection and classification.

The submarine’s attack and search periscopes are equipped with Infrared/ Low Light Level cameras and Laser Range finders. These submarines have highly advanced Combat Management System and a sophisticated Integrated Platform Management System.

There are plans to integrate the DRDO’s AIP system with the submarine during the refit program planned to commence from 2025/2026 onwards.

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