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Local government is the government of the village and district level. It is the government closest to the common people that involves in day-to-day life and attempt to resolve problems of ordinary citizens.

Democracy is in fact about meaningful participation and also about accountability. Hence, strong and vibrant local governments ensure both active participation and purposeful accountability.

Evolution of Local Government

In 1882, Lord Rippon, the-then Viceroy of India, took the initiative to form elected local government body.

Following the Government of India Act 1919, village Panchayats were established in many provinces and the trend continued after the Government of India Act of 1935.

When the Constitution was prepared, the subject of local government was assigned to the States and it was one of the provisions of the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Finally, in 1992, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments were passed by the Parliament.

Panchayati Raj

Following the 73rd Amendment, all states now have a uniform three tier Panchayati Raj structure as −

Gram Panchayat − At the bottom level;

Mandal (also known as Block or Taluka) − Intermediary level; and

Zilla Panchayat − At the top level.

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