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The Brumalia was a winter solstice festival celebrated in the Roman Empire. In Rome there had been the minor holiday of Bruma on November 24, which turned into large scale end of the year festivities in Constantinople and Christianity. The festival included night-time feasting, drinking, and merriment. Cato reports that cutting down trees for vine props was custom for this Holiday. During this time, prophetic indications were taken as predictions for the remainder of the winter. Despite the 6th century emperor Justinian's official repression of paganism, the holiday was celebrated at least until the 11th century, as recorded by Christopher of Mytilene. No references exist after the 1204 sacking of the capital by the Fourth Crusade.

“Yalda Night”, a Winter Solstice Holiday, was one of the holy nights in ancient Iran, included in the official calendar of the ancient Iranians from 502 BC during the time of Darius I. The festivities that take place on this night are an ancient tradition.

The Saturnalia was an enduring Roman festival dedicated to the agricultural god Saturn which was held between the 17th and 23rd of December each year during the winter solstice. Originating from archaic agricultural rituals the Roman festivities came to include a general round of gift-giving, merrymaking, and role-reversals so that it became one of the most popular celebrations in the calendar and certainly the jolliest. The similarities of some of its features and the timing - pushed later into December over time - suggest a strong influence on the Christian celebration of Christmas.

Starting off as a one-day holiday the Saturnalia eventually expanded to cover a week by the Late Republic. Augustus reduced the festivities to a more modest three days, but his successor Caligula increased it to five days, and it seems that, in practice, ordinary people celebrated for the full seven days anyway, despite the official decrees.

The Saturnalia was presided over by a king, chosen especially for the occasion, known as the Saturnalicius princeps or 'leader of the Saturnalia.' Sometimes he is referred to as the 'Lord of Misrule' as he was selected from the lowliest members of a household and given the right to conduct light-hearted mischief. It was a festive period when people gave gifts to one another. Slaves had the freedoms enjoyed by ordinary citizens and were now able to gamble, get drunk in public, and throw aside the cloak of decorum they were meant to present at any other time of the year. More informal clothes (synthesis) were worn by citizens instead of the usual toga, and there was a general round of feasts, partying, game playing, and merrymaking for all. These events made it the jolliest Roman festival in the calendar; a fact which led Catullus to famously describe it as 'the best of times.'

Yule, festival observed historically by Germanic peoples and in modern times primarily by Neo-Pagans, coinciding with the winter solstice (December 21–22 in the Northern Hemisphere; June 20–21 in the Southern Hemisphere). The pre-Christian festival originated in Scandinavia and was later subsumed, along with other pagan celebrations, into the Christian holiday of Christmas. Some modern celebrations of Yule attempt to re-create ancient traditions, while others have been adapted or reimagined to suit contemporary personal and religious practices.
The Dionysia was originally a rural festival in Eleutherae, Attica (Διονύσια τὰ κατ' ἀγρούς – Dionysia ta kat' agrous), probably celebrating the cultivation of vines. It was probably a very ancient festival, perhaps not originally associated with Dionysus. This "rural Dionysia" was held during the winter, in the month of Poseideon (the month straddling the winter solstice, i.e., Dec.-Jan.).

00:00:00 - Intro
00:08:38 - Ancient Solstice Veneration
00:11:25 - Virgin Born Dusares
00:15:20 - Justin Martyr Apology
00:19:08 - Out of Egypt, I have called my Son
00:24:09 - Virgin Born Aion
00:29:50 - Winter Solstice Festivals
00:31:00 - Yalda Night
00:36:22 - Gift Giving & Merry Making
00:38:34 - Haloa & Rural Dionysia
00:46:32 - Macrobius' Saturnalia
00:53:24 - Brumalia
00:59:26 - Pine Tres
01:08:03 - Christmas Spirit
01:10:59 - Its Pagan Bruh
01:18:26 - Puritans
01:21:54 - Jolly Ol' Saint Nick
01:28:05 - Infernal Father
01:36:24 - Severan Dynasty Religion
01:53:25 - Elagabalus
02:01:53 - Mithras
02:25:05 - Sol Invictus
02:32:10 - Aurelian's Feast Date
02:33:55 - Calculation Theory
02:39:59 - January 6th
02:43:00 - Cultural Milieu








#brumalia #christmas #saturnalia

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