Matter Around Us Pure Class 9 Science - Separating the Components of a Mixture
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Generally, for heterogeneous mixtures, components are separated by handpicking, sieving, filtration methods, etc. In this video, we are going to learn some special techniques for separation of components from mixtures.
Evaporation : This method is generally used to separate non volatile component from volatile component where volatile component easily evaporates leaving behind non volatile component in mixture.
Centrifugation: Sometimes in solid liquid mixtures, solid particles are so small that they easily pass through filter paper; thereby, makes their separation impossible.
Applications of centrifugation :
Used in diagnostic laboratories for blood and urine test.
Used in dairies and home to separate butter from cream
Used in washing machines to squeeze water out of wet clothes.
Sublimation : This technique is used to separate sublimable volatile impurity from non sublimable volatile impurities by process of sublimation.
Chromatography : In this method, spot of sample mixture is applied on filter paper and then filter paper is placed in solvent. Components in mixture which are more soluble in solvent rises faster on filter paper, thereby, separating all components from sample.
Application :
Used to separate colors in dye
Used to separate pigments in natural color
Distillation : This process is used to separate two miscible ( liquids when mixed forms a homogeneous mixture ) liquids having sufficient difference in boiling point. In mixture, liquid with lower boiling points evaporates first, undergoes condensation and is collected in container. Liquid with high boiling point evaporates later, hence, it becomes easy to separate both liquids.
Fractional distillation : This method is used to separate miscible liquids having less than 25 K temperature difference in their boiling point. Apparatus is similar to simple distillation only, fractional column is added in between distillation flask and condenser. Due to low difference in boiling point, both liquids evaporates simultaneously and face obstructions in fractional column. Due to obstructions, liquids with high boiling point condenses down in the flask and liquid with low boiling point reaches the condenser and is then collected in container. Hence liquids get separated.

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