Surface irrigation is where water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity. It is by far the most common form of irrigation throughout the world and has been practiced in many areas virtually unchanged for thousands of years.
Surface irrigation is often referred to as flood irrigation, implying that the water distribution is uncontrolled and therefore, inherently inefficient. In reality, some of the irrigation practices grouped under this name involve a significant degree of management. Surface irrigation comes in three major types; level basin, furrow, and border strip.
Process.
The process of surface irrigation can be described using four phases. As water is applied to the top end of the field it will flow or advance over the field length. The advance phase refers to that length of time as water is applied to the top end of the field and flows or advances over the field length. After the water reaches the end of the field it will either run off or start to pond. The period of time between the end of the advance phase and the shut-off of the inflow is termed the wetting, ponding, or storage phase. As the inflow ceases the water will continue to runoff and infiltrate until the entire field is drained. The depletion phase is that short period of time after cut-off when the length of the field is still submerged. The recession phase describes the time period while the waterfront is retreating towards the downstream end of the field. The depth of water applied to any point in the field is a function of the opportunity time, the length of time for which water is present on the soil surface.
Furrow irrigation system.
Furrow irrigation is conducted by creating small parallel channels along the field length in the direction of the predominant slope. Water is applied to the top end of each furrow and flows down the field under the influence of gravity. Water may be supplied using gated pipe, siphon and head ditch, or bankless systems. The speed of water movement is determined by many factors such as slope, surface roughness, and furrow shape but most importantly by the inflow rate and soil infiltration rate. The spacing between adjacent furrows is governed by the crop species, common spacings typically range from 0.75 to 2 m. The crop is planted on the ridge between furrows which may contain a single row of plants or several rows in the case of a bed type system. Furrows may range anywhere from less than 100 m to 2,000 m long depending on the soil type, location, and crop type. Shorter furrows are commonly associated with higher uniformity of application but result in increased potential for runoff losses. Furrow irrigation is particularly suited to broad-acre row crops such as cotton, maize, and sugar cane. It is also practiced in various horticultural industries such as citrus, stone fruit, and tomatoes.
Video by: Sandeep Bishnoi (@AgricultureFarmer)
Click here to visit his Channel: [ Ссылка ]
0:00 Introduction
0:10 Surface Irrigation System
0:44 Process
1:42 Furrow Irrigation System
3:30 Bottom line
___________________________________________
Join this channel to get access to perks:
[ Ссылка ]
___________________________________________
Visit Our Website :
[ Ссылка ]
SUBSCRIBE: [ Ссылка ]
Discover Agriculture YouTube Channel: [ Ссылка ]
EMAIL: contact@discoveragriculture.com
FOLLOW US ON:
Official Facebook Page: [ Ссылка ]
Official Instagram: [ Ссылка ]
Instagram: [ Ссылка ]
Facebook: [ Ссылка ]
Instagram: [ Ссылка ]_
Facebook: [ Ссылка ]
___________________________________________
Furrow Irrigation System | Surface Irrigation System | Agriculture Irrigation Method
Tags: surface irrigation, furrow irrigation, furrow irrigation model, furrow irrigation system, furrow irrigation system design, furrow irrigation design, surface irrigation methods, surface irrigation system, surface irrigation system design, surface irrigation design, irrigation system, irrigation system for farming, irrigation methods, irrigation methods in agriculture, agriculture irrigation, agriculture irrigation system, agriculture irrigation methods
#Irrigation #FurrowIrrigation #SurfaceIrrigation #IrrigationSystem #Agriculture #Farming #DiscoverAgriculture
