When it comes to confusing terms of the trade, series circuits are definitely among them. Many commercial electricians and wiremen misunderstand this term and how it works. In today’s episode of Electrician U, Dustin gives us an explanation on how series circuits work.
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Let us break everything down into their individual components and give some explanation for each and then at the end we will pull it all together and test to see if it works! It is also helpful to understand WHAT a series circuit is. Try to think of it like this- power leaves source, goes through several resistances that are IN LINE with each other, and returns to source. If you have to travel through one resistance to get to the next, that is a series circuit.
First is voltage. Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that in a series circuit, voltage is dropped across each resistance, and that the total voltage dropped is equal to the source voltage. Kirchhoff’s law also states that in a series circuit, the amperage is constant throughout the circuit. So, you will be using the same amperage rating for each calculation portion of the circuit. Resistance is pretty easy- the total resistance in a series circuit is simply the sum of them all! Rt=R1+R2+Rn. Lastly for power (wattage), the formula to be used there is P+=IsquaredxRtotal.
So now let’s see if it works! Let’s give our values for our circuit- 50v power source, 2 resistive loads at 2ohms (R1) and 4 ohms (R2) respectively, and we are pulling 8.3 amps when we clamp our amp meter to it. So, for R1 using Ohms law (E=IxR1) 8.3 x 2= 16.6v. For R2 using Ohms law 8.3 x 4= 33.3v. If we add those together, we get 50v which is our source voltage! For the amperage portion again we look to Ohms law (I=E/R) to solve. 50v/6 ohms of resistance = 8.3. So, the amperage portion is in line also! The resistance portion is pretty easy to prove in that R1 (2ohms) + R2 (4ohms) = Rt (6ohms). And lastly the power (wattage) portion. P1= E1xI (16.6v x 8.3a) = 138.9watts. P2= E2xI (33.3v x 8.3a) = 277.8watts. Added together (138.9w + 277.8w) it equals 416.7 watts worth. Now wattage can be seen as light energy (a light bulb for example) or heat energy (a toaster or space heater).
We can see by the above numerical examples that Kirchhoff’s laws concerning Series Circuits are in fact correct! Now, some of the laws WILL change a bit when we discuss Parallel Circuits and Combination Circuits and that is due to the circuit composition on how they interact with each other. Remember, for a series circuit, you must travel THROUGH one load to get to the next load. In a parallel circuit, you are hitting several loads all at the same time, and a combination circuit has elements of both.
We hope this has been an insightful look into the topic of series circuits. Is there a topic you would like to see discussed on Electrician U? Leave us a comment in the comments section and let us know. Please continue to follow Dustin and Electrician U as we are constantly adding new content to assist our followers in becoming the best electricians that they can be.
