El Salvador in under a state of emergency. Following a spate of killings in March 2022, which left 62 dead in a single day, the country has imposed harsh new measures to curb gang violence. This includes mass arrests, longer prison terms, and limits on press freedom. All this has led to concern that the country is moving towards authoritarianism under its young president, Nayib Bukele. So, is it battling a new gang war, or is there something else behind this current crackdown?

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The Central American country of El Salvador once had the reputation as the murder capital of the world. Plagued by gang wars, in 2015, its violent death rate exceeded that of most of the world's war zones. Only Syria had a higher level. However, since 2019, things have seemed to be turning around. Under President Bukele, the country seemed to be turning around. However, in March 2022, there was another spike in violence. This has led to a dramatic new crackdown as the government has imposed a state of emergency and arrested well of 20,000 people suspected of having links to the country's two main gangs - MS-13 and Barrio 18. But is this really all about cracking down on the gangs. Or is there more to it?

CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:37 El Salvador and Gang Violence
1:50 Background to El Salvador
2:22 The Emergence of El Salvador
3:17 Military Rule and Civil War, 1931-1992
4:46 The Emergence of the Gangs
5:54 The 2012 Gang Truce
8:07 Nayib Bukele and the Gangs
9:29 New Gang Violence in El Salvador
10:54 El Salvador: Gang Violence or Authoritarianism

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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES

Presidency of El Salvador [ Ссылка ]
Small Arms Survey Global Violent Deaths 2018 [ Ссылка ]
Chapultepec Peace Agreement 1992 [ Ссылка ]
El Salvador’s Gang Truce: A Lost Opportunity? [ Ссылка ]

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KEYWORDS

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#InternationalLaw #InternationalHistory

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