In this video, we discuss Compartment Syndrome, a surgical emergency caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, leading to reduced blood flow and potential tissue damage. This topic is essential for medical students and graduates preparing for USMLE, UKMLA, NEET PG, and other exams.
Pathophysiology:
Increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment exceeds capillary perfusion pressure, resulting in muscle and nerve ischemia.
Causes:
Trauma, such as fractures and crush injuries
Iatrogenic factors, including tight casts or dressings
Circumferential burns causing tissue constriction
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome seen in athletes
Symptoms (6 Ps):
Pain that is severe and out of proportion to the injury
Paresthesia or numbness
Pallor or pale skin
Paralysis or muscle weakness
Pulselessness with weak or absent pulses
Poikilothermia or a cool limb
Diagnosis:
Clinical suspicion based on symptoms
Intracompartmental pressure measurement greater than 30 mmHg confirms the diagnosis
Treatment:
Immediate removal of constrictive dressings or casts
Surgical fasciotomy to relieve pressure
Supportive care with adequate hydration, pain management, and monitoring for complications such as acute kidney injury
This video provides a concise overview of Compartment Syndrome, focusing on its pathophysiology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
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