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Composer: Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
Work: Missa Sancti Nicolai (1772)
Performers: Collеgium Vocalе Eindhovеn; Collegium Musicum Cаthаrіna; Rud Huіjbrеgts

Painting: Bernardo Bellotto (1721-1780) - Vienna Viewed from the Belvedere Palace (c.1761)

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Franz Joseph Haydn
(Rohrau, 31 March 1732 - Wien, 31 May 1809)

Austrian composer. The son of a wheelwright, he displayed a talent for music at an early age. By 1739 he had been accepted as a chorister at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna, where he studied under various teachers, including Georg Reutter Jr. After about 10 years, his voice changed, and he was dismissed, lodging with a friend, Michael Spangler. His earliest works date from this period. By 1753, however, he had met Nicola Porpora through various connections at court thanks to a number of small church and ensemble work, including his first opera, Der krumme Teufel of 1751. Around 1756 he was employed by Baron Carl Joseph Fürnberg, who recommended him a year or two later as Kapellmeister for Count Karl Joseph Morzin at the court in Lukavec, Bohemia (now Czech Republic). When Morzin’s Kapelle was dissolved, Haydn was recommended to Prince Paul Anton Esterházy as vice Kapellmeister to replace the aging Gregor Joseph Werner. Upon Werner’s death in 1766, Haydn was appointed as Kapellmeister under the new prince, Nicholas Esterházy, who he served for almost three decades until 1790. He worked in Vienna, Eisenstadt, and Esterháza with a court Kapelle of around 24 members. In 1776 he also functioned as an opera impresario. After his nominal retirement in 1790 he was made an offer to travel to London by Johann Peter Salomon for the 1791 season, the first of two visits, with the second in 1794. Around this time he became Ludwig van Beethoven’s teacher, although their relationship proved to be rocky. By 1792 he had renewed his position with Prince Nicholas II, but his duties were much less onerous as Kapellmeister, allowing him to collaborate on significant compositional projects with Baron Gottfried van Swieten, such as the 1798 Die Schöpfung and the 1801 Die Jahreszeiten. His last public function occurred in 1805, save for one, and he died during the occupation of Vienna by French troops.

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