Situated in the pristine foothills to the south of the Himalayan Mountains, is the disputed region of Arunachal Pradesh. Largely controlled and administered by India, 84,000 square kilometer Arunachal Pradesh is contested by India and China.

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By GeoVane, formerly AR Global Security and Base Rate (Global Guessing, and Crowd Money).

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The region has been disputed by the two states since 1947 and India’s independence from Britain, but dates back to 1914 and the establishment of the so-called McMahon line. This line takes its name from Sir Henry McMahon, a secretary in the Indian foreign department and the British representative at the conference held in Shimla from 1913 to 1914, at which the boundary line between Tibet and India to the East of Bhutan was drawn. For the British, the line, which largely runs along the crest of the high Himalayas, marked the geographic, ethnic, and administrative boundary between North-Eastern India and Tibet.

Delegates of China, Tibet and Britain would attend the Simla conference, which aimed to settle the status of Tibet, and took place in the context of the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in China in 1912. Following the turbulence of this period, Tibet would be de-facto independent until 1950 when it was incorporated into the People’s Republic of China.

It would be this de facto independent Tibet that would sign an agreement with the British to establish the McMahon Line, which, as stated before, ran along the crest of the High Himalayas, with the exception of the town of Tawang - which was considered to be of strategic importance to territory further south by the British - as the border between British India and Tibet.

This agreement would be quickly rejected (p523) by the Chinese Republican government, and as China did not consider Tibet to be a sovereign state at the time, and therefore unable to conclude treaties, forms the basis of the state's current claim. In addition to its rejection of the McMahon Line, China also asserts cultural and ethnic dimensions as part of its claim, with some of the people groups residing in the state tracing their ancestry to Tibet, and the Tawang Buddhist Monastery having links to the Drepung Monastery in the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region, Lhasa.

In 1962, the two states fought a brief border war, in which Chinese troops would occupy portions of Arunachal Pradesh, but would later withdraw.

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