An infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues. It usually reaches the joints through the bloodstream. In some cases, joints may become infected due to an injury, injection, or surgery.
It can destroy the joint cartilage leading to permanent damage to the joint.
(Symptoms)
• Fever.
• Joint pain, joint swelling.
• Redness, warmth.
(Causes)
• Staphylococci: Common bacteria that often cause skin infections. E.g. Staphylococcus aureus (most common)
• Haemophilus influenzae: Bacteria that can infect the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
• Gram negative bacilli: E.g. Escherichia coli.
• Streptococci
• Gonococci: Causes gonorrhea.
• Viruses: E.g. HIV
(Transmission)
• Open fracture.
• Skin.
• Genitals.
(Risk factors)
It occurs more often in children than in adults.
• Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis.
• Past history of septic arthritis.
• Intraveneous drug use.
• Sepsis.
• Lung or liver disorders.
• Suppressed immune system: HIV, diabetes, alcoholism, old age.
(Diagnosis)
• Medical history and physical exam.
• Sample of joint fluid for white blood cells and bacteria.
• Blood tests for bacteria.
• Phlegm, spinal fluid, and urine tests for the source of infection.
(Treatment)
• Antibiotics for bacteria.
• Antifungal for fungi.
• Viral infections are not treated with drugs.
• Drainage of built-up pus from the joint.
• Pain reliever: Drugs, a splint on the joint.
• Fever reducer.
• Physical therapy: To keep muscle strength.
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