Hydrops fetalis is a serious, life-threatening condition in which a fetus or newborn has an abnormal buildup of fluid in at least two fetal compartments. This can include fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites), chest (pleural effusion), around the heart (pericardial effusion), and under the skin (subcutaneous edema).

Types
Immune Hydrops Fetalis: This type is usually caused by Rh incompatibility between the mother and the fetus, leading to severe anemia and heart failure in the fetus.

Non-Immune Hydrops Fetalis: This is more common and can be caused by a variety of factors, including severe anemia, heart or lung defects, genetic disorders, infections, and vascular malformations.

Symptoms
Pregnant Women: Excess amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios), thick or large placenta.

Fetus/Newborn: Enlarged liver and spleen, fluid around the heart or lungs, severe swelling (edema), difficulty breathing, and severe jaundice.

Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis: Typically identified through ultrasound during routine pregnancy checkups.

Treatment: Management may include intrauterine blood transfusions for immune hydrops, and addressing the underlying cause for non-immune hydrops. In severe cases, early delivery might be considered

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