Margaret Sanger (September 14, 1879 – September 6, 1966) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. She is best known for her advocacy of birth control and her role in founding the organization that eventually became Planned Parenthood.

Sanger was born in Corning, New York, and came from a working-class family. She witnessed the impact of unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions on women and families throughout her nursing career, which motivated her to fight for reproductive rights. In 1916, she opened the first birth control clinic in the United States in Brooklyn, New York. This clinic was later shut down, and Sanger faced legal challenges for promoting contraception, which was considered obscene at the time.

Undeterred, Sanger founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which eventually evolved into Planned Parenthood Federation of America. She believed that women should have the right to control their own reproductive health and have access to information and methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Sanger also believed that birth control could improve the lives of women, reduce poverty, and promote social and economic progress.

Despite the controversies, Margaret Sanger played a significant role in advancing reproductive rights and expanding access to contraception. Her efforts contributed to the wider acceptance and availability of birth control methods, leading to significant social and cultural changes regarding women's reproductive autonomy.

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