Hematuria Causes & Diagnostic Workup of Blood in Urine

This video on hematuria fully explains workup, causes and diagnostic approach to blood in urine. Blood in urine treatment and diagnostic workup is highly tested topic on USMLE step 1 & usmle step 2 ck. an approach to hematuria can be both gross and microscopic.Urinary tract infections(uti), bladder cancer, can cause blood in urine. Painless gross hematuria in an old man must be evaluated with cystoscopy to exclude bladder cancer and other causes of blood in urine. all causes of blood in urine whether gross or microscopic & painful or painless hematuria is extremly important topic of urology and medical students.
Causes of hematuria may be generally grouped into the site of origin: glomerular or nonglomerular. Glomerular causes arise from the kidney itself. Nonglomerular etiologies can be further subdivided by whether the process is located in the upper urinary tract (kidney and ureter) or lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) (Figure 2). In general, urologists are concerned with structural and pathologic conditions that are visible on imaging and/or endoscopic examination whereas glomerular hematuria is the purview of nephrologists.

The presence of dysmorphic RBC, proteinuria, cellular casts, and/or rental insufficiency warrant concurrent nephrological evaluation.

Urinary findings suggestive of a glomerular source for the patient's hematuria include red cell casts, dysmorphic red blood cells (Figure 3) and significant proteinuria.
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