Learn about Bertrand Russell's final lecture in the 1949 Reith Lectures, "Individual and Social Ethics," which emphasizes the importance of personal moral values, critical evaluation of tribal customs, and his belief that human nature does not require war. This video provides a fascinating overview of Russell's influential philosophy.

Bertrand Russell was a philosopher, mathematician, and social reformer who co-founded analytic philosophy and won a Nobel Prize. He authored "Principia Mathematica" and "A History of Western Philosophy," which was published in 1946. Russell's Reith lecture series was called "Authority and the Individual."

In his final lecture, "Individual and Social Ethics," Russell related social and political doctrines to personal ethics by which people guide their lives. He argued that individuals need personal morality to guide their conduct and should learn to be critical of tribal customs and beliefs. Russell believed that primitive impulses can find harmless outlets and that people have always faced two types of misery: those imposed by external nature, largely diminished by science, and those inflicted by humans, such as war. He rejected the idea that human nature demands war and instead believed that greed for possession will lessen as the fear of destitution is removed from society.

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