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The Comparative (Der Komparativ) in German
The comparative form is used to compare two people, objects, or actions, indicating that one has a higher degree of a particular quality than the other. In German, the comparative is typically formed by adding -er to the adjective or adverb, sometimes with vowel changes (umlaut).
How to Form the Comparative
Basic Rule: Add -er to the adjective or adverb.
Example: schnell (fast) → schneller (faster)
Umlaut Changes: Some adjectives undergo a vowel change (a, o, u → ä, ö, ü).
Example: alt (old) → älter (older)
Using "als": To compare, use the word als (than) after the comparative.
Example: Anna ist älter als Peter. (Anna is older than Peter.)
Special Cases
Adjectives ending in -el or -er: Drop the extra -e when adding -er.
Example: dunkel (dark) → dunkler (darker)
Irregular Comparatives: A few adjectives have irregular comparative forms.
Example: gut (good) → besser (better)
viel (much) → mehr (more)
Usage in Sentences
Comparing Two Things:
Das Wetter heute ist wärmer als gestern.
(The weather today is warmer than yesterday.)
Describing Improvement:
Er arbeitet jetzt schneller als früher.
(He works faster now than before.)
The comparative is an essential part of expressing differences and making comparisons in German. With practice, it becomes an intuitive and natural aspect of the language!
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