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4.5 What are Oil Sands vs. Oil Shales? Petroleum Geology
Oil sands, also called tar sands, are usually mixtures of clay and sand combined with water and varying amounts of a black, highly viscous tar known as bitumen. The term sand can be misleading, because not all deposits are associated with sands and sandstones. Some occur in other materials, including shale and limestone. The oil in these deposits is very similar to heavy crude oil pumped from wells. The major difference between conventional oil reservoirs and oil sand deposits is in the viscosity, or resistance to flow, of the oil they contain. In oil sands, the oil is much more viscous and cannot simply be pumped out.
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