NASA's Discoveries Deep Within Jupiter's Clouds and Moons
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Six years have passed since Juno commenced its orbit around Jupiter, capturing breathtaking images and invaluable data of the gas giant. If you're a long-time follower of this channel, you might recall the videos I shared on the mission's first and third anniversaries. However, much has transpired since then. In 2021, Juno embarked on an extended mission, surpassing the initially planned 37 orbits to include flybys of Jupiter's icy inner moons: Ganymede, Europa, and eventually Io – moons not visited since Galileo's exploration over two decades ago.

Juno's potent cameras, JunoCam, and Stellar Reference Unit navigation camera, have provided us with unparalleled images of these icy moons. As we approach the mission's conclusion in September 2025 (NASA's scheduled decommissioning date), now is an opportune moment to ask: What has Juno uncovered? I'm Alex McColgan, and you're tuned in to Astrum. Join me as we delve into the captivating highlights of Juno's extended mission, revealing discoveries reshaping our comprehension of the Jovian system.

To quickly recap, Juno set off from Cape Canaveral, Florida, in August 2011. After a five-year, 2.8 billion-kilometer journey, it entered Jupiter's orbit on July 5, 2016. Having fulfilled its primary objectives, NASA extended Juno's mission to include exploration of Jupiter's largest moons, adding 42 orbits by 2025. The mission will conclude with a controlled deorbit into Jupiter's atmosphere to prevent potential contamination of these moons, adhering to NASA's planetary protection guidelines.

On June 7, 2021, Juno executed a close flyby of Ganymede, using a gravity assist to adjust its orbital period from 53 to 43 days. This brought Juno within an astounding 1,000 kilometers of Ganymede's surface, capturing detailed images that showcase nearly half of the moon's surface in remarkable detail. The resolution is approximately 1 kilometer per pixel, allowing us to appreciate Ganymede's unique features, from craters and light-dark patches to long striations.

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