This video provides background about materials used in conventional vs. organic farming, focusing on the difference in allowed use of pesticides, as part of a larger discussion about the relative impacts of the two farming systems on humans and other animals and our environment. This video covers the USDA definition of the word pesticide; the organic program list of allowed and prohibited substances, and use of the three-tiered system in organic agriculture to determine when these substances might be used; a comparison between the use of herbicides & fumigants in these farming systems; a description of the organic program sunset review process; information about prohibited natural substances such as nicotine sulfate and rotenone; the role of EPA, FDA, and USDA in regulating pesticide residue in food; a discussion about continued use of copper sulfate as a synthetic substance in the organic program; and information about natural substances such as bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), spinosad, and neem oil, that are allowed in organic farming.

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Introduction and Conclusion - Soil Fumigation YouTube Clips
Chloropicrin Application Process, August 22, 2013
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USDA
Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2019
Daniel Hellerstein, Dennis Vilorio, and Marc Ribaudo (editors)
Pesticide Definition

Genetic Literacy Project
Viewpoint: Do organic farms really produce 'chemical free, healthier food'? February 2019
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USDA
Guide for Organic Crop Producers, 2012
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USDA
Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2019
Daniel Hellerstein, Dennis Vilorio, and Marc Ribaudo (editors)
Pesticide Use Data

USDA National Organic Program
2019 Sunset Review and substance renewals
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National Organic Standards Board
Proposal to Add Rotenone to National List 205.602 Prohibited Natural Substance, 2012
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EPA
Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Rotenone, March 2007
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USDA
National Organic Program; Amendments to the National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances (Crops, Livestock, and Handling)
Rotenone Final Rule, January 2019
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USFDA
Pesticide Residue Monitoring Program
Fiscal Year 2017 Pesticide Report
U.S. Government Agency Roles in Regulation of Pesticide Chemical Residues in Food
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USDA Pesticide Data Program
Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2018, December 2019
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Beyond Pesticides
National Organic Standards Board Letter
Sunset Review Comments, April 10, 2016
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EPA
Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for Copper, July 2006
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Organic Trade Association
National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances
The Restricted Organic Toolbox
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USFDA
Pesticide Residue Monitoring Program
Fiscal Year 2017 Pesticide Report
Pesticides Found in Human Food
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Natural Insecticides
A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW649
Washington State University-Oregon State University-University of Idaho
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