#DiabetesMellitus #Cataract #retinopathy

Diabetes Mellitus | Cataract & Retinopathy | LIVE Q&A

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This clip has been taken from Q&A session of our 1st live Webinar on Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus.
In this webinar a student asked a question about Cataract and Diabetic Retinopathy and their mechanism of development in Diabetes Mellitus.

Cataract formation:
When hyperglycemia peaks develop during diabetes mellitus, there is huge influx of glucose intracellularly. This Glucose gets converted into Sorbitol within the lens of the eye. Sorbitol osmotically pulls water into the lens which disrupts the internal architecture of the lens, leading to opacification and cataract formation.

Diabetic Retinopathy:
With chronic hyperglycemia in Diabetes Mellitus, Amino ends of proteins are glycated chemically, thus, advanced glycation Endproducts (AGE) form. These AGEs cross link with the neighboring proteins. When this process occurs in the basement membrane of the retinal capillaries, the basement membrane thickens and is fragmented. Such fragmented and leaky blood vessels cause release of plasma proteins into the retinal interstitium. This is called Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.
As this process advances, the retinal ischemia starts. As a result, retina releases VEGF that causes proliferation and development of more blood vessels. This is called Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetic Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness.

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