Reinforced Concrete(RC) beams have two sets of steel reinforcement, namely: Long straight bars ( Longitudinal Bars) placed along its length & Closed loop of small dia bars( Stirrups) at regular intervals along its length.
The two types of failures occur mainly in beam are:
1. Flexural(Bending ) failure
2. Shear failure
The beam sags under increase loading which results in flexural failure. Therefore, Longitudinal bars are provided to resist tension due to flexure.
A Shear crack may develop which is inclined at 45° to the horizontal and it develops at mid-depth near the support grows towards the top and bottom. Shear failure is brittle and, therefore must be avoided.
So Stirrups are provided to resist such shearing action and also prevent the longitudinal bars from bending outward.
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