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The first excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum took place in the 1700’s. Rocco de Alcubierre, a military engineer was put in charge of operations. He was criticised for what seemed to be a haphazard approach. Karl Weber was a Swiss engineer. Webers excavations followed the lines of streets and he entered the buildings along the streets through their doors.
Giuseppe Fiorelli, He was an Italian archaeologist who was director of Excavations from 1860-1875. Fiorelli introduced systematic methods of recovering the ruins and recording the details. He made the Grid system. He made the plaster casts. He introduced a method of naming and numbering houses and buildings.
Fiorelli divided the town into 9 regions or insulae. Each entrance in each block was given a number. In this way each building could be identified by three numbers. Fiorelli was also the first archaeologist to excavate houses from the top rather than from the sides. He also made the plaster casts. Cavities were left in hardened ash by decomposed organic matter.
He poured plaster into these cavities and then later he was able to reveal the shapes of bodies of humans and animals that had died during the eruption. He could also reveal food and furniture. There is a plaster cast of a dog which died in the volcanic eruption and there are a group of people who died in the volcanic eruption. You can see a small child in the picture; this was probably a family that died.
