There are trillions upon trillions of stars and worlds in our Universe. Faced with such large numbers, it's tempting to conclude that there must surely be other life out there, somewhere. But is this right? Could the probability of life beginning be a number so small that we are alone? A video essay by Professor David Kipping.

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Further reading and resources:
► Chen, Jingjing & Kipping, David (2018), "On the Rate of Abiogenesis from a Bayesian Informatics Perspective", Astrobiology, 18, 12: [ Ссылка ]
► Hanson, Robin (1998), "Must Early Life Be Easy? The Rhythm of Major Evolutionary Transitions": [ Ссылка ]
► Benzene in space materials and story: [ Ссылка ]
► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: [ Ссылка ]
► Cool Worlds Lab website: [ Ссылка ]

Music is largely by Chris Zabriskie ([ Ссылка ]) and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license ([ Ссылка ]), in order of appearance;
► The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow ([ Ссылка ])
► Music from Neptune Flux, "We Were Never Meant to Live Here" ([ Ссылка ])
► Cylinder Five ([ Ссылка ])
► Music from Neptune Flux, "Stories About the World That Once Was" ([ Ссылка ])
► "Waking Up" by Atlas, licensed through SoundStripe.com: [ Ссылка ]
► Cylinder Two ([ Ссылка ])
► Piano cover of S.T.A.Y. (Hans Zimmer) byt Jordie Eskes: [ Ссылка ]

Video materials used:

► Intro/outro video by Miguel Aragon of Johns Hopkins University with Mark Subbarao of the Adler Planetarium and Alex Szalay of Johns Hopkins using Sloan Digitial Sky Survey data: [ Ссылка ]
► Bacteria videos from Nikon Small World competition: [ Ссылка ] and [ Ссылка ]
► Tour of the J. Craig Venter Institute by Hedrich Blessing Motion and Sound: [ Ссылка ]
► Tardigrade footage: [ Ссылка ]
► Yellowstone park footage: [ Ссылка ]
► Bill Nye interview with Rita Braver aired on CBS Sunday Morning July 10 2016: [ Ссылка ]
► Neil deGrasse Tyson interview with Charlie Rose aired on PBS May 26 2015: [ Ссылка ]
► Carl Sagan interview with Charlie Rose aired on PBS May 27 1996: [ Ссылка ]
► Brian Cox interview on This Morning, ITV aired December 2 2014: [ Ссылка ]
► Milky Way animation by Stefan Payne-Wardenaar: [ Ссылка ]

Films clips used:
► Star Trek: The Next Generation
► Them! (1953)

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