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How many times have you heard the Remote I/Os and Distributed I/Os interchangeably?
These two I/O systems have some major differences that you should not opt for one instead of the other.

In this video, I’ll clarify this confusion and you’ll learn what Distributed I/Os are and how they differ from Remote IOs. To get some insights about Remote I/Os prior to this video, you can watch our previous video here:

👉 Remote I/Os vs Local I/Os ▶ [ Ссылка ]

We can take advantage of Distributed IO systems either by Direct Interfacing with the main PLC, or employing them as a subsystem. We can also use them along with other types of IO configurations like Remote IOs.

Depending on our application and the automation process's features, we can employ them in different parts of our industrial network. Likewise, we can even mix them with conventional parallel wiring and pull some sensor cables directly to the local IO rack within the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) panel.

In almost all types of communication protocols with Distributed IO configuration, we have more or less the same types of hardware components.

The first and foremost piece of hardware is the network cable. Usually, we can benefit from a two-wire network cable that can transfer both the data or signal and the power at a high speed.

There are:
- Power supplies,
- Repeaters to amplify the signals,
- I/O modules or Hubs for connecting the sensors and actuators,
- Cord sets to connect sensors and actuators to the IO modules,
- Gateway or Controller for transferring the data to the upper level of the automation pyramid.

For a better understanding of the subject, I am going to compare some of the effective properties of Distributed IOs with Remote I/O panels.

Both of these IO systems are utilized at the Actuator/Sensor Level (Field Level) of the Automation Pyramid. At this level, distributed IO systems read the signals and command the actuators via a Bus System or Fieldbus communication network such as AS-interface, IO-Link, Profibus PA, and so on.

Whereas in remote I/O systems, the sensors, and actuators are hardwired directly to the input and output cards and there is no Fieldbus network below them.

On the other side, however, both I/O systems are connected to the same network which is the “Control or Process level” of the Automation Pyramid and the bus protocol would be Industrial Ethernet or a specific Fieldbus protocol like Profibus.

Now, consider a packaging machine as a real-world example to understand some of the Distributed IO features in practice.

This machine is only a part of an extensive industrial process and is usually manufactured by a specific vendor outside of the facilities. Like the rest of the process, we have various sensors and actuators along this machine.

As most of its sensors and actuators are of discrete types, AS interface could be a suitable choice among all available Fieldbus network protocols.

There are multiple benefits to using distributed IO systems, and modularity is one of them.
They have also great hardware options in terms of modularity. The rugged expansion IO module with high levels of ingress protection rating is one of them that has a limited number of input and output connections.

Manufacturers preinstall them outside of the panel and on different parts of the machine, very close to the instruments, and actuators.

Doing so has lots of benefits that I invite you to watch the video to figure out.

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Timestamps of this video:

00:00 Introduction and Some Questions
00:42 Where to Use Distributed IO Systems
01:31 Distributed IO Hardware Components (Network Cable, Gateway, etc.)
02:29 Automation Pyramid: Distributed IO vs Remote IO
03:21 Packaging Machine: An Industrial Automation Application of Distributed I/O Systems
03:59 Distributed IO Modules (Benefits & Features)
5:52 Remote I/O vs Distributed I/O
6:22 Distributed IO Systems as Open Networks

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