River dolphins are some of the most bizarre cetaceans alive today. Many have adapted to live in some of the world's most tannin-rich or muddy waters, reducing their eyes and increasing their electro-sense and echolocation to unparalleled levels. Despite the outward similarities between all of the world's living and very recently extinct river dolphins, and despite them all still belonging to the toothed whale family, they are technically rather distantly related to one another. Their shared traits are a product of convergent evolution – when unrelated organisms evolve similar traits to solve a similar evolutionary problem. This evolutionary phenomenon can occur in very distantly related animals – such as in the phytosaurs, crocodilians, and temnospondyl amphibians, or it can occur in more closely related groups, such as the four independent river dolphin families – Iniidae, Lipotidae, Platanistidae, and Pontoporiidae. Only three genera of these families are freshwater enjoyers—the extinct Yangtze River Dolphin and the still-living species of the Platanista and Inia genera.
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✅ RESEARCH ✅
Aldo Benites-Palomino et al. ,The largest freshwater odontocete: A South Asian river dolphin relative from the proto-Amazonia.Sci. Adv.10,eadk6320(2024).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adk6320
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