Jebe Noyan and Subutai Ba'atar's pursuit of the Khwarezm-Shah, Muhammad, and their expedition through the Caucasus and into Southern Russia is one of the most famous exploits of the Mongols, often called a daring raid unrepeatable in military history. In this video, we look at their pursuit of Shah Muhammad and time in the Caucasus, culminating in a confrontation with Alans and Qipchaqs on the steppe. In a separate video we will detail the famous Battle of the Kalka River. Providing also a brief overview of the states present in the Caucasus and Middle East in the 1220s, before the Mongol onslaught.
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Qara-Khitai Part 3: The Mongol Conquest: [ Ссылка ]
Mongol Conquest of Siberia and First Battle with the Khwarezmians:
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The Mongol Invasion of the Khwarezmian Empire: [ Ссылка ]
PRIMARY SOURCES:
‘Ala-ad-Din ‘Ata-Malik Juvaini, The History of the World-Conqueror. Vol. I. Translated by John Andrew Boyle. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1958. [ Ссылка ]
Kirakos Gandzakets'i's, History of the Armenians. Translated by Robert Bedrosian. 1996. [ Ссылка ]
The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Translated by Igor de Rachewiltz. Edited by John C. Street. University of Wisconsin: Madison, 2015.
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SECONDARY SOURCES:
Atwood, Christopher. “Jochi and the Early Campaigns.” in How Mongolia Matters: War, Law, and Society, edited by Morris Rossabi. Brill's Inner Asian Library, (2017) 35-56.
Barthold, W. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion. Translated by H.A.R. Gibb. London: Oxford University Press, 1928. [ Ссылка ]
Dashdondog, Bayarsaikhan. The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335). Boston: Brill (2011).
Jackson, Peter. The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.
Margarian, Hayrapet. “The Nomads and Ethnopolitical Realities of Transcaucasia in the 11th-14th Centuries.” Iran & the Caucasus, 5 (2001): 75-78
May, Timothy. The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires Series. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018.
Peacock, A.C.S. “Georgia and the Anatolian Turks in the 12th and 13th Centuries.” Anatolian Studies 56 (2006): 127-146.
Pow, Stephen. “The Last Campaign and Death of Jebe Noyan.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 27 no.1 (2017) 31-51.
Pow, Stephen and Jingjing Liao. “Subutai: Sorting Fact from Fiction Surrounding the Mongol Empire’s Greatest General (With Translations of Subutai’s Two Biographies in the Yuan Shi).” Journal of Chinese Military History 7 (2018): 37-76.
Tsurtsumia, Mamuka. “Couched Lance and Mounted Shock Combat in the East: The Georgian Experience.” Journal of Medieval Military History, edited by Clifford J. Rogers, Kelly DeVries and John France, 81-108. Vol. 7. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, (2014)
Zakrzewski, Daniel. “Malik Ṣadr al-Dīn Tabrīzī and the Establishment of Mongol Rule in Iran.” Asia 71 no.1 (2017): 1059-1073.
