Myles breaks down why deepfakes can cause so much damage and talks to Jabril, the host of YouTube channel @Jabrils, about how to spot them.

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Today’s internet meme culture thrives on Photoshopping images for comic effect. But there is a newer form of image manipulation using AI technology to create hyper-realistic alterations to video. These so-called ”deepfakes” can be very difficult to detect or debunk.

**What are deepfakes?
Deepfakes are videos that have been manipulated using AI technology. This tech can scale, rotate or splice videos and images together to alter videos so that they can be very different from the original and tough to spot as fakes.

**How do deepfakes spread?
As AI becomes cheaper and more accessible to more people, deepfakes are more difficult to detect. Social media platforms like Youtube, Facebook and Twitter help to spread them, partially because of the ease and speed of sharing.

**How do deepfakes contribute to misinformation online?
According to the Pew Research Center, 85% of teens use Youtube, and two-thirds of all Americans get at least some of their news from social media platforms. Right now, these companies are doing little to stop the spread of deepfakes on their platforms. High-profile figures like politicians and celebrities who have a ton of photos and videos on the internet are the most common targets for deepfakes, due to the huge volume of data available to manipulate. While they are often used for parody or satire, deepfakes can be used for more sinister purposes. Imagine what could happen if somebody created a fake video of a leader inciting violence or falsely accusing another politician. Experts say deepfakes could become a serious threat to our security and democracy in the near future.

** If I’m not famous, what kind of threat do deep fakes pose to me??
Women are the most common victims of deepfakes. Usually, someone will splice the face of a woman they know into a pornographic or sexually provocative video to humiliate them. While good technical skills are required to create really convincing fakes, there are plenty of how-to’s and other resources out there to get people started.

**How can we stop the spread of deepfakes?
People and organizations are developing detection algorithms to spot deepfakes, but these methods usually lag behind the technology used to create them. Often, you can spot a deepfake by looking closely at eye movements and facial expressions. If a video looks a little suspicious, try to find another version of it online using Google image search. Also, the Youtube Data Viewer shows you when a video was uploaded and provides thumbnails for reverse image searching. But the best way to stop the spread of deepfakes is to slow down your impulse to share, and demand that social media companies do more to combat it.

SOURCES:

“This PSA About Fake News From Barack Obama Is Not What It Appears”
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“Fake-porn videos are being weaponized to harass and humiliate women”
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“Does This Photograph Show President Bush Reading a Book Upside-Down?”
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Youtube DataViewer
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“Social Media Use in 2018”
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“What to Watch for in the Coming Wave of “Deep Fake” Videos”
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Co-produced with Data & Society Research Institute. @datasociety
Special thanks to Data & Society Researcher Britt Paris

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#deepfakes #misinformation

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