Wikipedia writes: “All Christians are monotheists who believe in the unity of God. During the patristic period, Christian theologians attempted to clarify the relationship between God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit. Monarchianism developed in the 2nd century and persisted into the 3rd century. The term Monarchianism derives from the Greek word meaning "a single principle of authority", and monarchians were concerned with defending the absolute unity of God against ideas such as the Trinity, which they feared would lead to tritheism.

“Monarchians were opposed by Logos theologians (Tertullian, Hippolytus, Clement of Alexandria, and Origen of Alexandria), and gradually the Trinitarian view gained prominence and was adopted at the First Council of Constantinople in 381. Monarchianism was generally considered a heresy after the 4th century.

“Two types of monarchianism were propounded. Modalistic monarchianism (or Modalism) considers God to be one while appearing and working through the different "modes" of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Following this view, all the Godhead is understood to dwell in the person of Jesus from the incarnation. The terms Father and Son are then used to describe the distinction between the transcendence of God and the incarnation. Lastly, since God is a spirit, it is held that the Holy Spirit should not be understood as a separate entity but rather to describe God in action. Notable adherents included Noetus, Praxeas, and Sabellius, hence the view is commonly called Sabellianism. Nevertheless, Sabellius's writings did not survive, so little is known about his beliefs.”

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